{"id":713,"date":"2020-07-01T15:22:09","date_gmt":"2020-07-01T15:22:09","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.ritosaurus.com\/?p=713"},"modified":"2020-07-01T15:22:39","modified_gmt":"2020-07-01T15:22:39","slug":"silence","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ritosaurus.com\/hr\/posts\/silence\/","title":{"rendered":"Ti\u0161ina"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Isto ono more koje sam smatrala potpuno poznatim, gdje sam provela sva ljeta djetinjstva; gledaju\u0107i ga iz druge zemlje, s neke nepoznate obale, okru\u017eena tu\u0111im jezicima, shvatila sam da je ono ovdje neko drugo more, a svijet ispod povr\u0161ine druga\u010diji od onoga na koji sam navikla.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Neke morske vrste koje se na ju\u017enom dijelu Jadranskog mora rijetko pojavljuju, u talijanskom sam dijelu mora ugledala u prvim minutama zarona. Neke vrste koje sam vidjela jednom u \u017eivotu, davno na jugu Hrvatske, ovdje su \u010desta pojava.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Bilo je to kao da sam svoje more upoznala jo\u0161 malo bolje, kao da mi je pokazalo jo\u0161 jedan djeli\u0107 svoje osobnosti. Bio je to lijep dan.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Castello di Miramare<\/em>, dvorac Miramare, izgra\u0111en je 1856. godine za austrijskog nadvojvodu Maksimilijana. Dio njegove privatne rezidencije bio je i park Miramare. Dvorac i park danas su dio rezervata biosfere Miramare, smje\u0161tenog na krajnjem sjeveru Jadranskog mora, u Tr\u0161\u0107anskom zaljevu u Italiji.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rezervate biosfere povezuju tri cilja: o\u010duvanje prirodne i kulturne raznolikosti, odr\u017eiv razvoj te znanstvena istra\u017eivanja, pra\u0107enja i edukacije.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Svaki rezervat biosfere, uklju\u010duju\u0107i i Miramare, sastoji se od tri zone: sredi\u0161nje, s najvi\u0161im stupnjem za\u0161tite; zone ubla\u017eavanja, u kojoj su dopu\u0161tene aktivnosti poput edukacije, istra\u017eivanja i monitoringa; te prijelazne zone, odnosno podru\u010dja s najmanjim stupnjem za\u0161tite, koja spaja podru\u010dje rezervata i okolni prostor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rezervat biosfere Miramare odlikuju livade morskih cvjetnica Zostera marina<\/em> i Cymodocea nodosa<\/em> te odre\u0111ene endemske vrste Jadrana, poput sme\u0111e alge, jadranskog bra\u010di\u0107a (Fucus virsoides<\/em>). Morska svilina (Zostera marina<\/em>) i morska resa (Cymodocea nodosa<\/em>) dvije su morske vrste cvjetnica koje predstavljaju va\u017ena stani\u0161ta i skrovi\u0161ta mnogim drugim vrstama. Smanjenjem povr\u0161ine njihovih livada zbog eutrofikacije, zamu\u0107enja i mehani\u010dkog o\u0161te\u0107enja zbog, primjerice, sidrenja, more gubi va\u017eno podru\u010dje proizvodnje kisika, pobolj\u0161anja kakvo\u0107e morske vode i stabiliziranja morskog sedimenta.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Rezervat biosfere Miramare tako\u0111er je dio UNESCO-vog programa \u201e\u010covjek i biosfera\u201c, koji isti\u010de va\u017enost postojanja ravnote\u017ee izme\u0111u o\u010duvanja bioraznolikosti i istovremenog razvoja lokalne zajednice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iako je na podru\u010dju ovog rezervata plovidba zabranjena, te\u0161ko ju je nadzirati. Za\u0161ti\u0107eno podru\u010dje blizu je jedne turisti\u010dke luke, a usto je udaljeno manje od 8 kilometara od velike me\u0111unarodne luke u Trstu, stoga je zna\u010dajno izlo\u017eeno one\u010di\u0161\u0107enju bukom.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Iako nam mo\u017eda ne djeluje nimalo zabrinjavaju\u0107e, sve ve\u0107e one\u010di\u0161\u0107enje bukom u obalnim podru\u010djima uzrokovano ljudskim aktivnostima negativno utje\u010de na morske vrste. Prema istra\u017eivanjima, antropogeno one\u010di\u0161\u0107enje bukom proteklih je desetlje\u0107a u stalnom porastu, zajedno s poja\u010danim naseljavanjem obalnih podru\u010dja i poja\u010danim morskim prometom. Me\u0111utim, porast buke zabilje\u017een je ne samo na obali, ve\u0107 i na otvorenim morima.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ali, osim uzrokovanja stresa, za\u0161to bi buka lo\u0161e utjecala na morske \u017eivotinje?<\/h6>\n\n\n\n

Odre\u0111ene vrste riba izrazito su osjetljive na zvuk te se zna\u010dajno oslanjaju na zvu\u010dne signale iz svoje okoline.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U rezervatu biosfere Miramare prisutne su tri takve vrste riba: crnej (Chromis chromis<\/em>), kavala (Sciaena umbra<\/em>) i glavo\u010d krvoust (Gobius cruentatus<\/em>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Znanstvenici su do\u0161li do zaklju\u010dka da buka u morskom okoli\u0161u uzrokuje stres, remeti orijentaciju u prostoru te smanjuje mogu\u0107nost otkrivanja predatora ili plijena, \u010dime pove\u0107ava mortalitet.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Primjerice, istra\u017eivanjem upravo na podru\u010dju rezervata biosfere Miramare pokazalo se da buka koju stvaraju brodovi tako\u0111er remeti zvu\u010dnu komunikaciju s jedinkama iste vrste, posebno u razdoblju razmno\u017eavanja.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

U uvjetima s prirodno proizvedenim zvukovima, mogu\u0107nost razaznavanja zvuka prelazi deset metara. Me\u0111utim, buka broda maskira zvu\u010dne signale riba u okolici te mogu\u0107nost razaznavanja zvuka mo\u017ee pasti \u010dak ispod jednog metra.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za\u0161ti\u0107ena morska podru\u010dja poput ovoga nevjerojatno su va\u017ena za vrijedne i ugro\u017eene morske zajednice. Me\u0111utim, od osnivanja takvih podru\u010dja bitnije je odr\u017eavanje odre\u0111enog standarda u upravljanju podru\u010djem i zadr\u017eavanju po\u010detnog stanja, te posebno osiguravanje \u010dinjenice da se posjetitelji i slu\u010dajni prolaznici dr\u017ee propisanih pravila.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Za\u0161ti\u0107ena podru\u010dja za\u0161ti\u0107ena su s razlogom. Trebamo ih \u010duvati, a negativno djelovanje, poput plovidbe u ovome primjeru, nastojati dr\u017eati podalje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ovo je zanimljiv primjer kako na\u0161e pona\u0161anje mo\u017ee djelovati bezazleno, neva\u017eno, ali zapravo mijenja \u017eivote oko nas, \u010dak i one koje nikad nismo primijetili.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ako ve\u0107 imamo toliki utjecaj, za\u0161to na\u0161i postupci ne bi druge \u017eivote mijenjali na bolje?<\/p>\n\n\n\n

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Literatura<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Codarin A. , Wysocki L. E., Ladich F., Picciulin M. (2009): Effects of ambient and boat noise on hearing and communication in three fish species living in a marine protected area (Miramare, Italy). Marine Pollution Bulletin<\/em> 58: 1880\u20131887<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Codarin A., Picciulin M., Sebastianutto L., Calcagno G., Spoto M. , Ferrero E. A. (2012): Nocturnal acoustic activity in the shallow waters of WWF-Miramare Natural Marine Reserve (Trieste, Italy). Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology <\/em>730:161-164<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Farina An., Farina Ad., Armelloni E. , Sebastianutto L., Franzosini C., Picciulin M. (2012): First description of the sound pressure and particle velocity components of the ambient noise and boat noise recorded at the WWF- Miramare Natural Marine Reserve (Trieste, Italy). Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology <\/em>730:485-8<\/p>\n\n\n\n

https:\/\/en.unesco.org\/<\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

The same sea that I considered familiar, where my childhood summer days were spent; seeing it here from another country, standing on the unknown shore, surrounded by the other languages, I saw that the same sea was different, the underwater world here was not what I was used to. Some marine species that here occur… Read More »Ti\u0161ina<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":714,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"off","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","footnotes":""},"categories":[9],"tags":[],"yoast_head":"\nSilence - Ritosaurus<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Castello di Miramare, the Miramare Castle, was built in 1856 by order of the archduke Maximilian of Habsburg. 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